ENGLISH TASKS

1.      Narrative

Snow White

Orientation	Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Major Complication	One day she heard that her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they wanted to go to America and then they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Resolution	Snow White didn’t want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it, would be best if she run away from home if her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Complication	She was tired and hungry.
Resolution	Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Complication	Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home work. They went inside. There they found Snow white sleeping, Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “What is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”
Major Resolution	One Dwarf said, “If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White said, “Oh…Could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs whole story and Snow White and the seven dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·  To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. ·  Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis turning point of some kind which turn finds a resolution.	v  Orientation: Sets the scenes and introduces the participants. v  Evaluation: a steeping back to evaluate the plight. v  Complication: a crisis arises. v  Resolution’ The crisis is resolved, for better or for worse. v  Re-Orientation: optional	v  Focus and specific and usually individualized participants. v  Use of materials processes (and in this text, Behavioral and Verbal processes). v  Use of relational processes and mental processes. v  Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances. v  Use of past tense.

Language features Narrative:

• Use of noun phrases

( example : a beautiful princess, a huge temple)

• Use of adverbial phrases of time and place

( example : in the garden, two days ago)

• Use of simple past tense

( example : He walked away from the village)

·         Use of action verbs

( example : walked, slept)

• Use of adjectives phrases

( example : long black hair)

2.      Recount

Earthquake

Orientation	I was driving along the coast road when the car suddenly lurched to one side.
Event 1	At first I thought a tyre had gone but when I saw telegraph poles collapsing like matchsticks.
Event 2	The rocks came tumbling across the road and I had to abandon the car.
Event 3	When I got back to town, well, as I said, there wasn’t much left.

Note:  young writer often indicate temporal sequence with “and then, and then”. Alternatives can be modelled and used when the teacher and students jointly construct recount.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·  To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.	v  Orientation: Provides the setting and introduction. v  Event: tell what happened in sequence. v   Re-Orientation: optional closure of events.	v  Focus in specific participants. v  Use of material processes v  Circumstances of time and place. v  Use of past tense. v  Focus of temporal sconces.

Language features Recount:

• Use of pronouns and nouns

( example : David, he, she)

• Use of action verbs in past

(example : went, studied, spent)

• Use of past tense

(example : We went for a trip to the zoo)

• Use of time conjunctions

(example : and, but, after, finally)

• Use of adverbial phrases

(example : in my house, two days ago, slowly, cheerfully)

• Use of adjectives

(example : Beautiful, sunny)

3.      News Item

Town ‘Contaminated’

Newsworthy Events	Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidences of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.
Background Events	Yalena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the nayal base of shkjove – 2 near Vladivostock. The accident, which occurred 13 month before the Chernobyl disaster, spread radioactive fall out over the base nearby town, but was covered up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
Sources	A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·   To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.	v  Newsworthy Event (s) recounts the event in summary form. v  Background events elaborate want happened, to whom, in what circumstances. v  Sources comments by participants in witnesses to and authorities expert of the events.	v  Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline. v  Use of Material Processes to retell the event (in the text below, many of material-processes are nominalised). v  Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage. v  Focus in circumstances (e.g. mostly within qualifiers).

Language Feature of News Item

·         Information on the use of headlines

·         Use of action verbs

( example : hit, attack, curb )

·         Use of saying verbs

( example : said, added, claimed )

·         Use of passive sentences

( example : Aceh was hit by a Tsunami in 2004 )

·         Use of adverbs in passive sentences

( example : The victims were badly injured )

4.      Description

Natural Bridge national Park

Identification

Natural Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.

Description

It is located 110 kilometres south of Brisbane and is reached by following the pacific Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park. The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural arch and the cave through which is waterfall cascades is a short 1 kilometre walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock poles. Night time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow worms. Picnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces: however, overnight camping is not permitted.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·   To describe a particular person, place or thing.	v  Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described. v  Description:  describes parts qualities caracterizations.	v  Focus in specific participants. v  Use of attributes and identifying processes. v  Frequent, use of Epithets and Classifiers in nominal groups. v  Use of Simple Present Tense.

Language features descriptive:

• Use of adjectives and compound adjectives

( example : brown – skinned, attractive and beautiful )

·         Use of lingking verbs

( example : appears, is, consists )

·         Use of Simple Present Tense

( example : houses )

·         Use of attributive

( example : has and have )

·         Use of degree of comparison

( example : bother than, the same )

5.      Report

Whales

General Classification

Whales are sea-living mammals.

Description (behaviours, qualities, parts)

They therefore breather air but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large indeed and blue whales, which can exceed 30 m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure. Its tall consist a pair of abroad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tall of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber). This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To describe the way things are with reference to a range of natural, man made and social phenomena in our environment.	v  General Classification tells what the phenomenon under discussion is. v  Description tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of Parts Qualities Habits or behaviours, if living.	v  Focus on generic participants. v  Use of relational processes to state what is and that which it is. v  Use of simple present tense (unless extinct). v  No temporal sequence.

Language features report:

• Use of general nouns

( example : Whales, Kangaroo, Computer)

• Use of present tense

( example :  Komodo dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)

• Use of behavioural verbs

( example : Snakes often sunbathe in the sun)

• Use of technical terms

( example : Water contains oxygen and hydrogen)

• Use of relating verbs

(example : is, are, has)

6.      Explanation

A Brief Summary of Speech Production

General Statement to Position the Readers	Speech production is made possible by the specialized movements of or vocal organs the generate speech sound waves.
Explanation	Like all sound production, speech production requires and source of energy; the source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.
Explanation	As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into a series of puffs are heard as a buzz. But, this buzz is still not speech.
Explanation	To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal track by moving the tongue and lips, etc. These movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds of speech.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To explain the processes involved in the formation of workings of natural or socio cultural phenomena.	v  A general statements to position the reader. v  A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.	v  Focus in generic, non human participants. v  Use mainly of material and relational processes. v  Use mainly of temporal and causal circumstances and conjuctions. v  Some use of passive voice to get them right.

Language Feature of Explanation:

·         Focus on generic, non – human participants

·         Use of general and abstract nouns

·         Use of action verbs

·         Use of simple present tense

·         Use of passive voice

·         Use of conjunctions of time and cause

·         Use of noun phrases

·         Use of complex sentences

·         Use of technical language

7.      Discussion

Gene Splicing

Issue	Generic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists are now able to create new form of life in the laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.
Argument for point	On the one hand, the ability to create life in laboratory could greatly benefit mankind.
Elaboration	For example, because it is very expensive to obtain insulin from natural sources, scientists have developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.
Point	Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in agriculture.
Elaboration	Scientists foresee the day when new paints will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food production could be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.
Argument against point	Not everyone is excited about gene splicing. However some people feel that it could have terrible consequences.
Elaboration	A laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.
Conclusion	As a result of this controversy, the government has made rules to genetic experiments. While some members of the scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, many other people feel that they are still not strict enough.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To present at least two points of view about an issue.	·         Issue: v  Statement. v  Preview. v  Arguments for against or statement of differing points of view. v  Point Elaboration. v  Conclusion recommendation	v  Focus on generic human and generic non human participants. v  Use of: o   Material processes e.g. has, produced, have developed, to feed o   Relational procession e.g. is, could have, cause, are o   Mental, processes e.g. feel v  Use of comparative contrastive and consequential conjunctions v  Reasoning expressed verbs and nouns (abstraction).

Language Feature of Discussion :

·         Use of general nouns

( example : alcohol, abortion, smoking, cloning, etc. )

·         Use of relating verbs

( example : is, are, etc. )

·         Use of thinking verbs

( example : think, feel, hope, believe, etc. )

·         Use of additive connectives

( example : in addittion, furthermore, besides, etc. )

·         Use of contrastive connectives

( example : although, even if, nevertheless, etc. )

·         Use of causal connectives

( example : because, because of, etc. )

·         Use of modalities

( example : perhaps, must, should, etc. )

·         Use of adverbs of manner

( example : hopefully, deliberately, etc. )

                                          

8.      Analytical Exposition

Position

Thesis	In Australia there are three levels of government, federal governments, state governments, and local governments. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so for a number of reasons.
Argument Point	First, the federal government is necessary for the big things.
Elaboration	They keep the economy in order and look after things like defence.
Argument Point	Similarly, the state governments look after the middle sized things.
Elaboration	For example, they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in schools.
Argument Point	Finally, local governments look after the small things.
Elaboration	They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseases.
Conclusion	Thus, for the reasons above we can that the three levels of governments are necessary.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·   To persuade the reader or listeners that something is the case.	v  Thesis v  Positions introduces topic and indicates writer’s position. v  Preview outlines the main arguments to be presented. v  Arguments Points: restates main arguments outlines in preview. v  Elaborations: develops and supports each point/argument v  Reiteration: restates writer’s position.	v  Focus on generic human and non human participants. v  Use of Simple Present Tense. v  Use of relational processes. v  Use of internal conjunction to state arguments. v  Reasoning through causal conjunction or nominalization.

Language Features of Analytical Exposition

·         Emotive words

( example : alarmed, worried )

·         Words that qualify statements

( example : usual, probably )

·         Words that link arguments

( example : firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore )

·         Use of the present tense

·         Use of compound and complex sentences

9.      Hortatory Exposition

Country Concern

Thesis	In all discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn’t seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country.
Arguments	While I realize my leaded petrol car is pollution the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see another car every five to ten minutes, the problem as not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.
Arguments	Those who wants to penalize order, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don’t seem  to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public transport to fall back upon and one’s own vehicle is the only way to get about.
Recommendation	I feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To persuade the reader or listener that something should shouldn’t be the case	v  Thesis: v  Announcement of issue concern. v  Arguments: v  Reasons of concern, leading to recommendation. v  Recommendation: v  Statement of what ought or ought not to happen.	v  Focus on human and non human participants except for speal er writer referring to self. v  Use of o   Mental processes to state with writer thinks or feel about issue, realized, felt appreciated. o   Material processes to state to happens, e.g. polluting drive, travel, spend, should be treated. o   Relational processes to state what is be e.g. doesn’t seem to have been, is. v  Use of Simple Present Tense.

Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition :

·         Emotive words

( example : alarmed, worried )

·         Words that qualify statements

( example : usual, probably )

·         Words that link arguments

( example : firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore )

·         Use of the present tense

·         Use of compound and complex sentences

·         Use of modal and adverbs

( example : can, may, certainly, get, stop )

·         Use of subjectives opinions using pronouns I and We

10.  Spoof

                                                             Penguin in the Park            

Orientation	Once a man was walking in the park when a penguin crossed.
Event 1	He took him to a policeman and said, “I have just found this penguin. What should I do?” The police replied, “Take him to the zoo”.
Event 2	The next day the policeman saw same man in the same park and the man was still carrying the penguin with him. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked, “Why are you still carrying the penguin about? Didn’t you take it to the zoo?”. “I certainly did,” replied the man.
Twist	“And it was a great idea because he really enjoyed it, so today I’m taking him to the movies.”

Note    : the ‘twist’ in this particular text is related to the circumstances of place the penguin is

  taken to and to the man’s misinterpretation of the policeman’s (unspoken) reason for

  taking the penguin to the zoo.

Text Organization :

·         Orientation      : who were involved in the story, when, and where

·         Events                         : tell what happened in chronological order

·         Twist               : provide the funniest part of the story

Language Features :

·         Use of action verbs

( example : walked, laughed, ran away )

·         Use of connectives

( example : first, than, finally )

·         Use of adverbial phrases of time and place

( example : in the garden, two days ago )

·         Use of the simple past tense

( example : He walked away from the village )

11.  Review

Private Lives Sparkle

Orientation	Since the first production of ‘Private Lives’ in 1930, with theatre’s two leading sophisticates Noel Coward and Gertrude Lawrence in the leads, the play was tended to be seen as a vehicles for stars.
Evaluation	QUT Academy of the art’ production boasted no ‘stars’, but certainly fielded potential stars in a sparkling performance that brought out just how fine a piece of craftsmanship Coward’s play is.
Evaluation	More then 60 years later what new could be deduced from so familiar of them? Director Rod wiss ‘or’s highly perceptive approach went beyond the glittery surface of Witty banter to the darker implication beneath.
Interpretative recount	With the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that victor and Siby were potentially the more admirable of the couples, with standards better adjusted than the volatile and self indulgent Elyot and Amanda.
Evaluation	The we was there, dexteronsiy pig-ponged to and fro by a vibrant Amanda (Catherine Jones) and a suave Elyot (Daniel Kealy).
Evaluation	Julie Eckersley’s Sibyl was a delightful creation and Philip came on Smith’s more serious playing was just right for Victor. Jodle Levesconte was a superb French maid. James Maclean’s set a captured the Thirties atmosphere with many subtle touches.
Evaluative summation	All involved deserve the highest prase.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To critique an art work, event for a public audience. ·         Such works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts, and ballets.	v  Orientation: Background information on the text. v  Interpretive recount: Summaries of an art work v  Evaluation: Concluding statement: judgement, opinion, or recommendation v  Evaluative summation: The last opinion consisting of the appraisal or punchline of the artwork being reviewed.	v  Focus on particular participants. v  Direct expression is options through use of Attitudinal Ephitets in nominal groups; qualitative Attributes and Affective Mental Processes. v  Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complexes to package the information. v  Use of metaphorical language (e.g. the wit was there, dexterously ping ponged to and fro…).

Language Features :

·         Use of complex and compound sentences

·         Use of adjectives and phrases of appraisal

·         Use of metaphorical expressions

·         Use of noun phrases

12.  Procedure

The Hole Game

Materials needed

Two players. One marble for person. A hole in ground. A line (distance) to start from.

Method (step)

1.      First you must dub (click marbles together). 2.      Then you must check that marbles are in good condition are nearly worth the same value. -          Next, you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a far distance a way from the hole. -          The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole. -          Then the second player tries to throw his or her marble closed or the hole than his or her opponent. -          The player whose marble is closet to the hole than his or her opponent. -          The player whose marble is closet to the hole tries to flick his or her marble into the hole. If successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble into the hole. The person flicking the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.

Social Function	Generic Structure	Significant Lexicogrammatical features
·         To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions or steps.	v  Goal. (the final purpose of doing the instructions) v  Materials (not required for all procedural texts). v  Steps (a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)	v  Focus on generalized human agents. v  Use of Simple Present Tense, often imperatives. v  Use mainly the temporal conjunctions (or numbering to indicate sequence). v  Use mainly of Material processes.

Language features :

• Use of imperative

( example : Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)

• Use of action verbs

( example : turn, put)

• Use of connectives

( example : first, then, finally)

ENGLISH TASKS

Thirteen Kinds English text

                  

By : Remalya Felesia Kharisma (XII-IPS)

                                                                    

 

                                                                        

SMA IMMANUEL BATU

Tahun  Pelajaran 2011/2012